University of Phoenix

University of Phoenix

The University of Phoenix (UOPX) is an American for-profit institution of higher learning, headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. The university has an open-enrollment admission policy, requiring a high-school diploma, GED, or its equivalent as its criterion for admissions. The university has 112 campuses worldwide and confers degrees in over 100 degree programs at theassociate, bachelor's, master's and doctoral degree levels.[5] It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Apollo Group Inc., a publicly traded (NASDAQ: APOL) Phoenix-based corporation that owns several for-profit educational institutions.

History

The university was founded by John Sperling.  Started in 1976 in the Phoenix metropolitan area, the first class consisted of eight students. In 1980, the school expanded toSan Jose, California, and in 1989, the university launched its online program. 

In 1994, University of Phoenix leaders made the decision to take the parent company, Apollo Group public. Capital from Wall Street launched the school. Phoenix had more than 100,000 students within the first five years of going public. Growth in the company made John Sperling a billionaire.

From 2010 until 2015, enrollment declined more than 50 percent

Campuses

While the school specializes in online programs, the campuses offer additional programs and services. Online students are also able to use tutoring and social centers, which can also be used for social and student meetings. The first center opened in 2007 in Plano, Texas.

Students have access to class-specific online resources, which include an electronic library, textbooks, and other ancillary material required for a course. The university says that the electronic textbooks include search features and hyperlinks to glossary terms that make the books easier to use for research.

Academics

The university offers degree programs through seven colleges and two schools:

• School of Advanced Studies
• School of Business
• College of Criminal Justice and Security
• College of Education
• College of Humanities
• College of Information Systems and Technology
• College of Natural Sciences
• College of Nursing
• College of Social Sciences

In addition to its traditional education programs, the school offers continuing education courses for teachers and practitioners, professional development courses for companies, and specialized courses of study for military personnel.

Students spend 20 to 24 hours with an instructor during each course, compared with about 40 hours at a traditional university. The university requires students to collaborate by working on learning team projects, wherein the class is divided into learning teams of four to five students. Each learning team is assigned a team forum where team members discuss the project and submit their agreed upon portions of the learning team assignment for compilation by the nominated learning team leader. The concept of learning teams is somewhat uncommon in traditional academia; however, the University of Phoenix believes that collaborating on projects and having individuals rely on each other reflects the real working conditions of the corporate world.

Through its online portal, eCampus, students also have access to software required for coursework. Students have access to virtual companies created by the university to provide students with assignments, which Adam Honea, UOPX's dean and provost, claims are more realistic than those available with case studies. In August 2011, Apollo group announced it would buy 100% of Carnegie Learning to accelerate its efforts to incorporate adaptive learning into its academic platform.

Some academics and former students feel the abbreviated courses and the use of learning teams result in an inferior education. The University of Phoenix has been criticized for lack of academic rigor. Henry M. Levin, a professor of higher education at Teachers College at Columbia University, called its business degree an "MBA Lite," saying "I've looked at [its] course materials. It's a very low level of instruction."  In May 2008, the university announced the formation of the University of Phoenix National Research Center, designed to study which teaching methods work best for nontraditional students.

Corporate training

The university runs a program called “corporate articulation agreements” that allows people who work at some companies to earn college credit for the training they have completed at their jobs. As of December 2015, the university had agreements in place with around 300 companies. Examples include Amazon Web Services, Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Blue Cross Blue Shield of Arizona, Caterpillar, CBS, Cisco Systems, Colgate-Palmolive, Columbia Sportswear, H&R Block, Honolulu Police Department, In-N-Out Burger, Microsoft, Norwegian Cruise Line, Target, Time Warner Cable, UPS, and the United States Postal Service.

To qualify for college credit, students can either create a professional training portfolio or write an “experiential essay”.  A professional training portfolio is a collection of documents such as transcripts from other schools, certificates, licenses, workshops or seminars.

Admissions and financial aid

The University of Phoenix has an open admissions policy. In response to complaints about the use of financial aid by for-profit colleges in 2010 the university began an orientation program designed to lower dropout and default rates. Students must successfully complete a three-week orientation workshop in order to be eligible to start their first credit/cost bearing course.  Students who do not complete the workshop after two attempts must wait six months before attempting again.

Phoenix recruited students using high-pressure sales tactics by admissions counselors who are paid, in part,  based on their success in recruiting students. Since 2010, changes were implemented to the way the university recruits students.

The university heavily recruits students and obtains financial aid on their behalf, such as the Academic Competitiveness Grant, Federal Pell Grant, National Science & Mathematics Access to Retain Talent Grant (National SMART Grant), Federal Direct Student Loan Program, Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant, Federal Direct PLUS Loans, Federal Perkins Loan, and the Wounded Warrior Project.  For the 2008–2009 fiscal year, the University of Phoenix student body received more Pell Grant money ($656.9 million) than any other university.

USA Today has listed University of Phoenix as a "red flag" institution for posting a student loan default rate (26%) that surpassed its graduation rate (17%). The University of Phoenix's Detroit campus has a graduation rate of only 10%, but a student loan default rate of 26.4%. A 2010 report found that the University of Phoenix's online graduation rate was only 5 percent. According to collegecalc.org, tuition costs are typically 300% to 500% more expensive than community colleges.

According to President Obama's White House’s College Scorecard, the University of Phoenix had below average cost and above average salary after attending.

Accreditation

The University of Phoenix has been regionally accredited since 1978 by The Higher Learning Commission (HLC) as a member of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (NCA). In February 2013, a peer review group recommended to the HLC that the university be put on probation because the University of Phoenix "has insufficient autonomy relative to its parent corporation." On May 9, 2013, the Apollo Group filed a report with the Securities and Exchange Commission which stated that the HLC Institutional Actions Council First Committee ("IACFC") had recommended to the HLC that the university retain its regional accreditation, but that the university be placed on "notice" for two years. Their concerns center on the university's governance, student assessment, and faculty scholarship in relation to PhD programs. The final decision will be determined on June 27, 2013, and sent to the university in the weeks thereafter. On July 10, 2013 Apollo Group Inc. announced that HLC renewed University of Phoenix accreditation through 2023 and placed it on "notice" for two-years.

In July 2015, the Higher Learning Commission removed University of Phoenix from Notice Status.

Some individual colleges within the University of Phoenix hold specialty accreditation or are pre-accredited by accrediting agencies that are recognized by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation.

• School of Business – accreditation through the Association of Collegiate Business Schools and Programs (ACBSP). Because Phoenix's business programs are not accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB), some companies will not provide tuition reimbursement for employees attending Phoenix.
• College of Education – Master of Education is accredited by the Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC).
• College of Nursing – B.S. and M.S. degree programs are accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE).
• College of Social Sciences – The Master of Science in Counseling program in Community Counseling (Phoenix and Tucson campuses ONLY), the Master of Science in Counseling program in Mental Health Counseling (Utah campuses ONLY), and the Master of Science in Counseling program in Clinical Mental Health Counseling (Phoenix and Tucson campuses ONLY) are accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP).